bioneethub.in INTRODUCTION NEURAL CONTROL AND COORDINATION Coordination is the process through which two or more organs interact and complement the functions of one another to maintain homeostasis in our body. The neural system and the endocrine system jointly coordinate and integrate all the activities of the organs as that they function in synchronized fashion. SYSTEM MAINTAINING … Read more
They are seedless vascular plants including horsetails and ferns. The main characteristics of pteridophytes are:- The pteridophtes are found in cool, damp, shady places through some may flourish well in sandy-soil conditions. Evolutionary, they are the first terretrial plants to possess vascular tissues- xylem and phloem. Xylem transports water and minerals while phloem conducts organic … Read more
ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF BRYOPHYTES Bryophytes are non-vascular terrestrial plants of moist habitats in which a multicellular diploid sporophyte lives as a parasite on an independent multicellular haploid gametophyte. The main characteristics of bryophytes are:- They are found commonly in damp, humid and shaded localities. The plants are small. They seldom attain great length or height. … Read more
ALGAE (FATHER OF ALGOLOGY:F.E FRITSCH) -Algae are chlorophyll containing, simple, thalloid (plant body not differentiated into root, stem and leaf) and autotrophic organisms. Algae reproduction sexually through processes like conjugation, where genetic material is exchanged between two cells,or through the formation of specialized reproductive structure like gametes. This allows for genetic diversity and adaptation in … Read more
LOCOMOTION AND MOVEMENT Movement:- Significant feature of living beingsLocomotion:- Voluntary movements resulting in change in place/location. Locomotion and movement is performed by organisms for variable reasons, e.g. Their habitat Demand of situation like search of food, mate, breeding ground, escape from enemies/predators. TYPES OF MOVEMENT/LOCOMOTION Types Structure … Read more
Excretory Products and their Elimination EXCRETORY WASTE Metabolism Excess ingestion |_________________________________| … Read more
BLOOD VASCULAR SYSTEMBODY FLUIDS AND CIRCULATION Functions:- Transport of nutrients, O2 , glucose etc. Removal of harmful substances Constituents:- Blood + Blood vesssels + Heart. Blood:– Synthesized in Red bone marrow Medium of transport_____________________________________ ↓ … Read more
BREATHING AND EXCHANGE OF GASES/RESPIRATION Atmospheric oxygen→ Exchange→ CO2 produced by cells. RESPIRATORY ORGANS Based on:- (i) Habitats (ii) Levels of organisation ORGANISM:- Sponges, coelenterates Flatworms Earthworm Insects Aquatic arthropods, molluscs, fishes Amphibians, reptile.s, aves, mammals. MECHANISM:- Simple diffusion Moist skin Tracheal tubes Branchial/Gills Pulmonary/Lungs Note:- Amphibians show cutaneous respiration all the time. OUTLOOK OF … Read more
Plant Growth and Development- INTRODUCTION All cells of a plant are descendants of the zygote. Development of a mature plant from a zygote follows a precise and highly ordered succession events. Development is the sum of two processes. GROWTH and DIFFERENTIATION. During this process a complex body organisation is formed that produce roots, leaves, branches, … Read more
RESPIRATION IN PLANTS- INTRODUCTION Respiration in plants, all living organisms need energy for carrying out daily life activities, like absorption, transport, movement, reproduction or even breathing. All the energy required for ‘life’ processes is obtained by oxidation of macromolecules, called food. Cellular respiration is the mechanism of breakdown of food material within the cell to … Read more