Measurement of Time

Time measurement is essential for sciences. As part of the foundation of measurements in mechanics. We can measure how long events last and how quickly a system is changing by using time, a continuous, non-spatial quantity. A component of the SI (International System of Units), the second unit of time serves as the foundation for … Read more

Rutherford’s Nuclear Model of Atom

Rutherford made a vital contribution to atomic structure. J.J. Thomson’s “plum pudding” model, which saw atoms as positively charged spheres with negatively charged electrons buried within, was the dominant theory prior to Rutherford. However, Rutherford’s model presented a radically different image, demonstrating that the atom is made up of a compact, tiny, positively charged nucleus … Read more

Measurement of Mass

An object’s mass, a basic feature of matter, indicates how much material it contains. It is important in many scientific fields, particularly physics, where knowledge of mass is necessary to investigate ideas like force, momentum, and inertia. Mass is independent of an object’s location, which is dependent on gravity. What is Mass? Inertia, or an … Read more

Thomson Model of Atom

Thomson model of atom, proposed by British physicist J.J. Thomson in 1904, was one of the earliest scientific models aimed at explaining atomic structure. Often called the “plum pudding model,” it describes an atom as a sphere of positive charge with negatively charged electrons embedded within it, similar to raisins in a pudding or seeds … Read more

Measurement of Length – Class 11

Length refers to the dimension of an object or the distance between two points. Accurate measurement of length is vital for conducting scientific experiments. Here we shall discuss different methods and instruments for measuring length, ranging from everyday tools like rulers to more advanced techniques used in scientific research. Units of Length The International System … Read more

Stoichiometry and Stoichiometric Calculation

Stoichiometry is the branch of chemistry that deals with the quantitative relationships between the reactants and products in a chemical reaction. It is derived from the Greek words “stoicheion” (element) and “metron” (measure), stoichiometry provides a outline for predicting how much of each substance is needed or produced in a reaction. Importance of Stoichiometry :- … Read more

Fundamental Forces in Nature

In our everyday, experience, besides gravitational force, we encounter several kinds of forces like frictional force, the force of buoyancy and viscous force, contact force between the bodies, the force due to surface tension of a liquid and so on.  In later 20th century, we come to know that these different forces occurring in different … Read more

Discovery of Sub-Atomic Particles

Introduction:- The atomic theory of matter was first proposed by john Dalton, in 1808. His theory, called Dalton’s Atomic Theory, regarded as the ultimate particle of matter. This theory was able to explain the law of conservation of mass, law of constant composition and law of multiple proportion. However, it failed to explain the results … Read more

The International System of Units (SI)

In earlier time scientist of different countries were using different systems of units for measurement. Some of these systems are:- CGS System :- In this system centimeter, gram and second are the fundamental units of length, mass and time respectively. It is a metric system of units. It is also known as Gaussian system of … Read more

Chromatography

Chromatography is a modern and sensitive techniques used for rapid and efficient separation or analysis of components of a mixture and purification of the compounds. The name chromatography is based on the greek word Chroma meaning colour and graphy for writing because the method was 1st used for the separation of coloured substances found in … Read more