Angiosperms (GK. angio- vessel, sperma- seed) are those plants in which seeds are formed inside fruit and the sporophylls are organised into flowers. Hence, they are called flowering plants. The main characteristics of angiosperms are:-> They range in size from tiny, almost microscopic Wolfia (Smallest angiosperm) to tall trees of Eucalyptus (over 100 meters).> Angiosperms … Read more
CHEMICAL COORDINATION AND INTEGRATION INTRODUCTION Significance :- As the nerve fibres do not innervate all cells of the body and the cellular functions require continuous regulation, hence the role of endocrine system is integrated with neural system. ENDOCRINE GLANDS AND HORMONES … Read more
The gymnosperms (gymnos: naked, sperm: seeds) are plants in which the seeds are not enclosed within fruit wall i.e they bear naked seeds . These are seeded plants without fruits. The main characteristics of gymnosperms are They include medium-sized trees or tall trees and shrubs. The Sequoia (red wood tree) is one of the tallest tree … Read more
NEURAL CONTROL AND COORDINATIONSENSORY RECEPTION AND PROCESSING Sensory organs detect all types of changes in the environment.Sensory receptors →Input→ CNS→output→ Parts/Organs(Detect stimuli) (Process analyse) (Response to stimuli) SENSE ORGANS Sense organ Sense … Read more
INTRODUCTION NEURAL CONTROL AND COORDINATION Coordination is the process through which two or more organs interact and complement the functions of one another to maintain homeostasis in our body. The neural system and the endocrine system jointly coordinate and integrate all the activities of the organs as that they function in synchronized fashion. SYSTEM MAINTAINING … Read more
They are seedless vascular plants including horsetails and ferns. The main characteristics of pteridophytes are:- The pteridophtes are found in cool, damp, shady places through some may flourish well in sandy-soil conditions. Evolutionary, they are the first terretrial plants to possess vascular tissues- xylem and phloem. Xylem transports water and minerals while phloem conducts organic … Read more
ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF BRYOPHYTES Bryophytes are non-vascular terrestrial plants of moist habitats in which a multicellular diploid sporophyte lives as a parasite on an independent multicellular haploid gametophyte. The main characteristics of bryophytes are:- They are found commonly in damp, humid and shaded localities. The plants are small. They seldom attain great length or height. … Read more
ALGAE (FATHER OF ALGOLOGY:F.E FRITSCH) -Algae are chlorophyll containing, simple, thalloid (plant body not differentiated into root, stem and leaf) and autotrophic organisms. Algae reproduction sexually through processes like conjugation, where genetic material is exchanged between two cells,or through the formation of specialized reproductive structure like gametes. This allows for genetic diversity and adaptation in … Read more
LOCOMOTION AND MOVEMENT Movement:- Significant feature of living beingsLocomotion:- Voluntary movements resulting in change in place/location. Locomotion and movement is performed by organisms for variable reasons, e.g. Their habitat Demand of situation like search of food, mate, breeding ground, escape from enemies/predators. TYPES OF MOVEMENT/LOCOMOTION Types Structure … Read more
Excretory Products and their Elimination EXCRETORY WASTE Metabolism Excess ingestion |_________________________________| … Read more